This binational schools dataset was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Border Environmental Health Initiative (BEHI). International borders politically divide the landscape but rarely represent barriers for environmental issues. The major issues surrounding the U.S.-Mexico border involve economics and population growth that present challenges to environmental management and natural resource planning. To monitor trends and analyze the stresses to the environment, binationally integrated baseline datasets that portray the status of the landscape are needed. The primary objective of this project is to develop integrated, environmental resource and human health datasets for display and further analysis within a geographic information system (GIS) framework. Datasets created for the BEHI follow watershed boundaries as defined by Woodward and Durall (1996). As part of the U.S.-Mexico Border Field Coordinating Committee Issues Team, Woodward and Durall used surface-water drainage basins as the primary basis for defining and delineating the extent of the border area from a shared-water resources perspective. In order to provide integrated datasets in the border region, local and regional BEHI datasets have been clipped to this boundary. This feature class contains the location of schools along the U.S.-Mexico Border. It is part of the USGS BEHI (http://borderhealth.cr.usgs.gov), and is being completed in phases by project defined subareas. Currently, data are available in the U.S. in subareas 8, 7, 6, and the section of subarea 5 that spans Texas. Data for Mexico are available in subarea 8, most of subarea 7, and in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. In Texas, public school data were obtained from a shapefile created by the Texas Education Agency (TEA) in 2003. While these data include several types of public schools (regular, disciplinary, charter, etc.), they do not contain private schools. Furthermore, regular public schools in El Paso County and Maverick County were updated in 2005 by the U.S. Geological Survey's Border Environmental Health initiative. Updates include adding new schools, adding missing schools, and verifying the spatial location of the schools through the use of Digital Ortho Quarter Quads (DOQQ) and phone conversations with school employees. DOQQs are aerial photographs that have been converted into a uniform scale image by rectifying the distorting effects of tilt and terrain. Data in Mexico for subareas 8 and 7 were obtained from point shapefiles that were part of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática (INEGI) vectoriales data. Points identified by the code 322 or 6322 (regardless of any alphabetic prefix in the code), which were points in the category: Edificación - Escuela , were imported into this dataset. These are defined as: "Para la enseñanza oficial de nivel básico a medio superior," which translates into "Buildings for official instruction from a basic level to a high school/vocational school level." Unfortunately, these data only contain the spatial location of the school. For example, there were no attributes identifying the name, graderange, type, or address of the schools. They were obtained during 2003-2006, but the time period of the content range from 1972-1999. Data in Mexico for Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua were obtained from Instituto Municipal de Investigación y Planeación (IMIP). These data were current in 2005, contain both private and public schools, and the attributes include their names, types (preschool, middle school, etc.), and addresses.
This dataset was created for the USGS's BEHI. Its purpose was to take school locations along the U.S.-Mexico Border from various agencies, and then to integrate that into one binational feature class. Furthermore, this dataset was created to provide resource managers, public officials, researchers, and the general public with ready access to accurate, impartial, scientific information to strike a balance among human needs for resource utilization, environmental quality, and human health.
The INEGI quads that the INEGI data were extracted from include: G14A15 G14A16 G14A17 G14A26 G14A27 G14A28 G14A36 G14A37 G14A38 G14A46 G14A47 G14A48 G14A56 G14A57 G14A58 G14A59 G14A66 G14A67 G14A68 G14A69 G14A76 G14A77 G14A78 G14A79 G14B71 G14A86 G14A87 G14A88 G14A89 G14B81 G14B82 G14B83 G14B84 G14C18 G14D11 G14D12 G14D13 G14D14 G14D15 G14D16 G14D21 G14D22 G13D23 G14D24 G14D25 G14D26 H14C44 H14C53 H14C54 H14C55 H14C64 H14C65 H14C73 H14C74 H14C75 H14C84 H14C85 H14C86 *NOTE* Some of these quads may not have available Vectoriales data. A list of data availability per quad is located at: http://antares.inegi.gob.mx/map/prueba/index.html?c=388 Additional information about the BEHI can be found at http://borderhealth.cr.usgs.gov and datasets are available for viewing through an Internet Mapping Service (follow links on the main page to the Internet Mapping Service Viewer).
ground condition
There is no guarantee concerning the accuracy of the data. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the originating agencies would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to <http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html> for the USGS disclaimer.
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Data for this dataset were gathered from the TEA, INEGI, and IMIP.
Location attributes (street address, city, state, zip code, county name), names of the schools, graderanges, and campus number were extracted from the original datasets when available.
These data were imported from other agencies' data, and all spatial properties were preserved. Database queries were used to ensure that imported attributes were preserved as well. For data in Texas, there may be errors associated with the geocoding process used by the Texas Education Agency. For example, some schools may be geocoded to their mailing address rather than their physical address. Lastly, any errors that existed in the original dataset persist in this dataset.
These data include all TEA schools in Texas that were listed in their 2003 shapefile. Also, for Maverick and El Paso Counties, all schools listed in TEA's 2005 school directory, but not included in the 2003 shapefile, were added. For INEGI data, this feature class contains all points labelled as "Escuela" in their vector data for the following INGEI 50k quads: G14A15, G14A16, G14A17, G14A26, G14A27, G14A28, G14A36, G14A37, G14A38, G14A46, G14A47, G14A48, G14A56, G14A57, G14A58, G14A59, G14A66, G14A67, G14A68, G14A69, G14A76, G14A77, G14A78, G14A79, G14B71, G14A86, G14A87, G14A88, G14A89, G14B81, G14B82, G14B83, G14B84, G14C18, G14D11, G14D12, G14D13, G14D14, G14D15, G14D16, G14D21, G14D22, G13D23, G14D24, G14D25, G14D26, H14C44, H14C53, H14C54, H14C55, H14C64, H14C65, H14C73, H14C74, H14C75, H14C84, H14C85, H14C86. *NOTE* Some of these quads may not have available Vectoriales data. A list of data availability per quad is located at: http://antares.inegi.gob.mx/map/prueba/index.html?c=388 For schools in Juárez, Chihuahua, all schools present in the following four shapefiles supplied by IMIP in 2005 are included: 1. Preschool.shp 2. Elementary.shp 3. Middle_School.shp 4. Highschool.shp
The positional accuracy of these data vary depending on the datasource. INEGI data were digitized at a scale of 1:50,000. TEA data used address matching, which results in some schools being incorrectly mapped to their mailing address. TEA schools in Maverick and El Paso counties had their locations verified with 2004 DOQQs (2m resolution) and phone conversations with school employees. IMIP data is accurate within +/- 5 meters.
Schools in Texas were extracted from this shapefile downloaded from the Texas Education Agency's website (http://www.tea.state.tx.us/). According to their metadata, the locations were derived from address-matching. Thus, some schools were incorrectly located at their mailing addresses. Regular public schools in El Paso County and Maverick County were updated in 2005 by the USGS's BEHI. This included adding schools that were missing from TEA's 2003 dataset but listed in TEA's 2005 school directory (obtained from AskTED, a service at their website), and verifying the location of all the listed schools through the use of ESRI Streetmap, 2004 DOQQs, and phone conversations with school employees.
Schools in subareas 8 and 7 were derived from INEGI Vectoriales (vector) Data. All Vectoriales data have a code to identify what type of vector data they are. Some codes have an alphabetic component, but the numerical portion of the code is the identifier. All codes with either the number 322 or 6322 (ex. 6322, 322, DP_322, EP_6322, etc.) are of the vectoriales type "Escuela", which is a school
Schools in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua were obtained from these 4 shapefiles supplied by IMIP.
In order to accomodate data originating from several agencies in two different countries, a general attribute scheme was decided on to create a geodatabase. Once the geodatabase was created, data were loaded into it from the source agencies. In Texas, only the TEA data within the Border Environmental Health Initiative's study area were used. In Mexico, INEGI data from the listed quads (under supplemental information) were used. All of the IMIP school data were used for Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.
Internal feature number.
ESRI
Feature geometry.
ESRI
Derived from the original dataset, it is the unique code used by school districts to identify a campus. INEGI and IMIP data did not supply this data, so it is blank for any records derived from them.
Derived from the original dataset, it is the name of the campus. INEGI data did not contain this attribute, so it is blank for any records derived from them.
Derived from the original source, it is the street address of the campus. INEGI Data did not supply this information, so it is blank for any records derived from them
Derived from the original data source, it is the city that the school is located in. INEGI did not supply this data, so it is blank for any records supplied by them.
Derived from the original data, it is the zip code that the school is located in. It is blank for INEGI data.
Derived from the original data source, it is the county that the school resides in. This is blank for INEGI and IMIP data.
Derived from the original data source, it is the grades that are served by the school. Texas data lists specific grade ranges (ex. 1-5, 6-7, 8-9), IMIP data only lists what type of school it is (preschool, elementary, middle, high), and INEGI data did not supply this information.
The agency that a particular school and its attributes were derived from.
This code, when possible, allows the user to reference a specific record in the original shapefile. For TEA data, the campus code is used. For IMIP data, this number is derived from the "ID" field in the original data. For INEGI data, there was not a unique identifier that could be used to reference a specific record in the dataset, so only the code that identifies the INEGI data as an "Escuela" is used. However, since the INEGI data lacked any other attribute information, no data is lost.
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These data have not received Director's approval and as such are provisional and subject to revision. The data are released on the condition that neither the U.S. Geological Survey, its cooperators, nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
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